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What is ADHD?
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that makes it difficult to focus, control impulses, and (in many cases) sit still or regulate activity levels. It often begins in childhood and can continue into adolescence and adulthood. Research suggests ADHD is linked to genetics, environmental factors, prenatal exposure to tobacco/alcohol/drugs, high lead exposure, or brain injuries. ADHD can significantly impact school, work, and relationships.
What are the symptoms of ADHD?
ADHD symptoms fall into three main categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Common signs include making careless mistakes, difficulty staying focused on tasks, seeming not to listen when spoken to, forgetting daily responsibilities, losing things frequently, fidgeting or feeling restless, talking excessively, blurting out answers, and interrupting others. Symptoms must be present in multiple settings (home, school, work) and cause clear impairment.
How does a doctor treat ADHD?
ADHD is highly treatable. The most effective approach combines medication and behavioral therapy. Stimulant medications (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) are often first-line and work by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Non-stimulant options (atomoxetine, guanfacine) or certain antidepressants may be used if stimulants aren’t suitable. Therapy—especially Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), coaching, and parent/school training—helps build coping strategies, organization skills, and better habits.
Can ADHD be cured?
There is no cure for ADHD, but it is a very manageable condition. With proper treatment and support, the majority of children and adults with ADHD lead successful, productive lives. Many people experience significant improvement in symptoms as they learn strategies and (in some cases) as the brain matures with age.